Sculptor and architect Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 - 1476) designs a dome to crown the 14th century cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. His Duomo (dome) was the largest domed structure built since the Pantheon in 125 A.D. Classical domes such as the Pantheon inspired Brunelleschi to design several innovations. These include a technique to build the massive dome without scaffolding, and a hoisting machine with pulleys to assist the masons with carrying materials to the dome's staggering heights.